Month: January 2018

Term	Definition
Crust	The thin and solid outermost layer of the earth above the mantle
Mantle	The layer of rock between the earths crust and core
Core	The central part of the earth below the mantle
Lithosphere	The solid outer layer of the earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle
Asthenospere	The soft layer of the mantle on which the tectonic plates move
Mesosphere	The strong lower part of the mantle between the asthenospere and the outer core
Tectonic plate	A block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid outermost part of the mantle
Continental drift	The hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single landmas broke up and drifted to their present locatations
Sea-floor spreading	The process by which new Oceanic lithosphere forms as magma rises toward the surface and solidifies
Plate tectonics	The theory that explains how large pieces of the earths outermost layer called tectonic plates move and change shape
Convergent boundary	The boundary formed by the collision of two lithospheric plates
Divergent boundary	The boundary betweeen two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other
Transform boundary	The boundary between tectonic plates that are sliding past each other horizontally
Compression	Stress that occurs when forces act to squeeze an object
Tension	Stress that occurs when forces act to stretch an object
Folding	The bending of rock layers due to stress
Fault	A break in a body of rock along which one block slides relative to another
Uplift	The rising of regions of the earths crust to higher evaluations
Subsidence	The sinking of regions of the earths crust to lower elevations
Outer core	The earths core is divided into two parts the outer core and the inner core the outer core is the Liguria layer of the earths core that lies beneath the mantle and surrounds the inner core
Inner core
	The most inner part of the earth

Term	Definition
respond	to react to something that has been said or done
publication	book or other printed work
error	something incorrect or incorrectly done
minor	small and not very important or serious
parliament	group of people who make up a country's law
finance	to provide a large amount of money to pay for something
contrast	difference between people, ideas, or situations that are being compared
individual	considered separately from other people or things in the same group
reformation	a religious movement that began in the 1500s to reform the catholic church
Martin Luther	he was an important leader of the reformation and he was also a german monk
indulgence	the church began selling indulgences or pardons for sin
John calvin	a french scholar named john calvin was one of the most influenced of the new protestant leaders
predestination	the idea that god had long ago determined who would gain salvation
theocracy	a theocracy is a government ruled by religious leaders
william tyndale	he printed an english translation of the new testament of the bible
counter-reformation	the movement to strengthen the teachings and structure of the catholic church
Jesuits	the society of jesus
Ignatius Loyola	the most influential of the new religious orders were founded by him
council of trent	sought ways to retrieve the moral authority of the catholic church and stop the spread of protectanism
henry VIII	the king of england wrote a book criticizing luthers ideas
annulment	an annulment is an official action ending a marriage
act of supremacy	this act made the king the leader of church of england
Henry IV	he was crowned the following year. the civil war ended soon after henry assumed the throne
edict	an edict is an official public order made by a king or another authority
philip II	the catholic ruler of spain championed the counter- reformation
armada	philip sent an armada, or fleet of ships to attack england
absolute monarchy	in an absolute monarchy a ruler had complete power over the government and its subjects
divine rights of kings	a theory which states the kings right to rule comes directly from god
Louis XIV	these two kingship created a powerful leader in frances king Louis XIV
a constitutional monarchy	a constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a kings or queens power is llimited by a constitution
federalism	a form of government in which power is shared between local and national levels

Term	Definition
Crust	The outermost layer of the earth.
Mantle	The layer of the earth between crust and the core is the mantle
Core	The layer of the earth that extends from below the mantle to the center of the earth is the Core.
Lithosphere	The solid, outer layer of the earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle.
Asthenosphere	The soft layer of the mantle on which the tectonic plates move.
Mesosphere	The strong, lower part of the mantle between the asthenosphere and the outer core
Tectonic plate	A block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid, outmost part of the mantle
Continental drift	The hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up, and drifted to their present locations.
Sea floor spreading	The process by which new oceanic lithosphere forms as magma rises toward the surface and solidifies.
Plate tectonics
	The theory that explains how large pieces of the eartha??s outermost layer, called tectonic plates, move and change shape.
Convergent boundary	The boundary formed by the collision of two lithosphere plates
Divergent boundary
	The boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other.
Transform boundary	The boundary between tectonic plates that are sliding past each other horizontally
Compression	Stress that occurs when forces act to squeeze an object
Tension	Stress that occurs when forces act to stretch an object
Folding	The bending of rock layers due to stress
Fault	A break in a body which one block slides relative to another
Uplift	The rising of regions of the eartha??s crust to lower elevations
Subsidence	The sinking of regions of the eartha??s crust to lower elevations

Term	Definition
agonizing	very painful
energeric	lively and active
foresight	wise planing
interval	space
prosper	to do well
strive	to make an effort
substance	material
tolerance	respect for others
trait	personal quality
withdraw	take back

Term	Definition
Crust	The thin and soild outermost layer of the earth above the mantle.
Mantle	The layer of rock between the earths crust or core
Core	The central part of the earth below the mantle.
Lithosphere	The solid, outer layer of the earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle.
Asthenosphere	The soft layer of the mantle on which the tectonic plates move.
Mesosphere	The strong, lower part of the mantle between the asthenosphere and the outer core.
Tectonic plate	A block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle.
Continental drift	The hypothesis that states that continents once formed a single landmass, broke up, and drifted or their present locations.
Sea~floor spreading	The process by which new oceanic lithosphere forms as magma rises toward the surface and solidifies.
Plate tectonics
	The theory that explains how large pieces of the earths outermost layer, called tectonic plates, move and change shape
Convergent boundary	The boundary formed by the collision of two lithosphere
Divergent boundary	The boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other.
Transform boundary	The boundary between tectonic plates that are sliding pst each other horizontally.
Compression	Stress that occurs when forces act to squeeze an object
Tension	Stress that occurs when forces act to stretch an object
Folding	The bending of rock layers due to stress
Fault	A break in a body of rock alone which one block slides relative to another
Uplift	The rising of regions of the earths crust to higher elevations
Subsidence	The sinking of regions of the earths crust to lower elevations

Term	Definition
Economics	The social science that deals with the production , distribution,and consumption of goods and services
Bartering	Exchanging 1 good or service for another
Questions Answered	What to produce?How to produce it?For whom to produce?
Traditional Econmy	All members of the economy own the natural resources and there is no profit
Command Econmy	The government decides what good are made and how they will be made
Market Econmy	Economic System based on free trade and competition
Supply	How much people have
Demand	What/how much people want
Specialization	Making a living doing what a person does best
Mixed Econmy	Combination of government and privately owned buisnesses
Human Capital	A supply of people who can produce goods & services
Entrepenur	People with new ideas that are willing to start a business/make a product
Natural Resorces	Items that come from the world around us that we use for our own purposes
Capital Goods	Items that people need preform their job
GDP	The average annual income of a nation's citizens
Standard of Living	Level of comfort in everyday life
Literacy Rate	The percentage of people in a country who can read or write
Specialization	Making a living doing what a person does best
Currency	Money
Exchange Rate	Converting 1 nation's money into an equal value of another nation's money
Embargo	Bans on trading with another country for political reasons
Tariffs	A tax placed on imported goods brought in from another country
Quotas	A number limit on haw many items of particular product can be imported from a particular country

Question	Answer
Universal truth; an established rule Syn: fundamental Ant: absurdity	Axiom
In a condescending manner, with an attitude of superiority Syn: lofty, arrogant Ant: humble, friendly	Patronizing
An artist or a designers workshop	Atelier
One who bares the blame for others Syn: pasty; sucker	Scapegoat
To waver,to sway Indecisevely Syn: fluctuate, swing, waffle ant: decide	Vacillate
Melodious, pleasing to the ear Syn:harmonic melodic Ant: cacophonous; dissonant	Dulcet
Not allowing refusal of delay, imperative Syn: authoritive, unconditional Ant: roundabout, passive, equivocal	Peremptory
To claim for oneself with out any right or authority Syn: commandeer, seize Ant: relinquish, give	Areagote
No longer current or applicable, antiquated Syn: obsolute, outmoded Ant: current modern	Archaic
Keen; mentally sharp Syn: shrewed. CleverAnt: dull stupid	Perspicacious
A magic charm or superstition , object for protection	Talisman
To remove vulgar or objectionable material Syn: censor, bowderlize, sanitize	Expurgate

Question	Answer
Capitalism	an economic and political system
Free Enterprise	a system which private business operates in competitive free of state control
Communism	people get paid based on how they are and which all property belongs to the public
Social Darwinism	various ways of thinking that emerged in the 19th century
Corporation	a company or group
trust	reliability, truth,
Monopoly	possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service.
Vertical Integration	combination in one company of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate companies.
Horizontal Integration	process of increasing production of something
Cornelius Vanderbilt	an American business magnate and philanthropist
George Pullman	an American engineer and industrialist
Horatio Alder Jr.	was a prolific 19th-century American writer
Andrew Carnegie	a Scottish-American industrialist, business magnate, and philanthropist
John D. Rockefeller	an American oil industry business magnate, industrialist, and philanthropist

Term	Definition
Crust	The outermost layer of the Earth
Mantle	The layer of the Earth between the crust and the core.
Core	The layer of the Earth that extends from below the mantle
Lithosphere	The solid, outer layer of the Earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle
Asthenosphere	The soft layer of the mantle on which the Teutonic plates move
Mesosphere	The strong, lower part of the mantle between the asthenosphere and the outer core
Tectonic Plate	A block of lithosphere that consists of the crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle
Continental Drift	The hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single landmass,broke up,and drifted The their present locations.
Sea-Floor Spreading	The process by which new oceanic lithosphere forms as magma rises toward the surface and solidifies
Plate Tectonics	The theory that explains how large pieces of the eartha??s outermost layer, called tectonicnplates, move and change shape
Convergent Boundary	The boundary formed by the collision of two lithospheric plates
Divergent Boundary	The boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other
Transform Boundary	The boundary between tectonic plates that are sliding past each other horizontally
Compression	Stress that occurs when forces act to squeeze an object
Tension	Stress that occurs when forces act together to stretch and object
Folding
	The bending of rock layers due to stress
Fault	A break in a body of rock along which one slides relative to another
Uplift	The rising of regions of the earths crust to higher elevations
Subsidence	The sinking of regions of the earths crust to lower elevation

Term	Definition
Oxygen	a tasteless order less gas that living things need to breath
alliance	an agreement between nations to support and protect each other
inspect	to examine closely and carefully
proceed	continued: carried on
descended	moved from a higher place to a lower one
dormant	temporarily quit or not active
tenant	someone who pays rent
region	large area that has common features that set it apart from other areas
migrate	to move from one area to another
conservation	protection and careful of natural resources
concerted	jointly arranged, planned, or carried out; coordinated
suffrage	the right to vote
transferred	moved from place to place
representative	a person who is chosen to represent or stand for another or others
destruction	great damage or ruin
uninhabtitable	not lived in
suburb	a residential are outside a large city
mobilize	to assemble for action
leberated	to free an area or person
monopolize	to take the greater share of something